Gingival Diseases
Review of Journal Article
The journal article I chose is called "Microbial Ecology of Marginal Gingivitis".
Dental plaque-induced gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease. it is involving the gingiva (gums) being inflamed due to the dental plaques presence. There are four dental plaque-induced categories. The first category is gingivitis associated with dental plaque only, the second category is gingival diseases modified by systemic factors, the third category is gingival diseases modified by medications, and the fourth category is gingival diseases modified by malnutrition. The distinguishing diagnostic factors include; consistency, color, and contour of the gingiva. The clinical signs of inflammation include; edema, swollen gingiva, red, and bleeding on probing. You can also have bleeding upon brushing or flossing and even sometimes pain. There is no current attachment loss do to the disease. It can be reversed by removing the plaque and good professional and self-care, that can heal in 4-14 days. If it is not reversed it can lead to periodontitis. Some systemic factors that can exacerbate this infection include; puberty, pregnancy, vitamin deficiency, leukemia and diabetes. Some local factors that can contribute include; smoking, alcohol, poor diet, stress, drugs, calculus, anatomy factors, trauma, ill-fitting dentures, medications, etc. Research has shown that specific gram-negative pathogens in the plaque are causing gingivitis. Fusobacterium Nucleatum, Prevotella Intermedia, and Porphyromonas Gingivalis are the pathogens responsible. Using the AAP Classification System this disease would be a case type IA. The prevalence of this disease is huge. It is the most common form of gingival diseases. It is more common in black or hispanic men and also in low socioeconomic and low educated individuals. Some factors to include when educating your patients would be Oral Hygiene Instructions, showing them how to floss correctly and how they should be brushing their teeth to be most effective for that individual. Treatment recommendations would be a complete prophylaxis and fluoride to make their teeth as strong and less susceptible as possible. Another treatment recommendation would be to place sealants on any posterior virgin tooth to prevent it from getting decay. Maintenance recommendations would be 6 month intervals for professional care, and of course brushing twice a day, flossing once a day, they also can use a tongue scrapper and mouth wash. Another maintenance recommendation would be to maintain a well balanced healthy diet.
Dental plaque-induced gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease. it is involving the gingiva (gums) being inflamed due to the dental plaques presence. There are four dental plaque-induced categories. The first category is gingivitis associated with dental plaque only, the second category is gingival diseases modified by systemic factors, the third category is gingival diseases modified by medications, and the fourth category is gingival diseases modified by malnutrition. The distinguishing diagnostic factors include; consistency, color, and contour of the gingiva. The clinical signs of inflammation include; edema, swollen gingiva, red, and bleeding on probing. You can also have bleeding upon brushing or flossing and even sometimes pain. There is no current attachment loss do to the disease. It can be reversed by removing the plaque and good professional and self-care, that can heal in 4-14 days. If it is not reversed it can lead to periodontitis. Some systemic factors that can exacerbate this infection include; puberty, pregnancy, vitamin deficiency, leukemia and diabetes. Some local factors that can contribute include; smoking, alcohol, poor diet, stress, drugs, calculus, anatomy factors, trauma, ill-fitting dentures, medications, etc. Research has shown that specific gram-negative pathogens in the plaque are causing gingivitis. Fusobacterium Nucleatum, Prevotella Intermedia, and Porphyromonas Gingivalis are the pathogens responsible. Using the AAP Classification System this disease would be a case type IA. The prevalence of this disease is huge. It is the most common form of gingival diseases. It is more common in black or hispanic men and also in low socioeconomic and low educated individuals. Some factors to include when educating your patients would be Oral Hygiene Instructions, showing them how to floss correctly and how they should be brushing their teeth to be most effective for that individual. Treatment recommendations would be a complete prophylaxis and fluoride to make their teeth as strong and less susceptible as possible. Another treatment recommendation would be to place sealants on any posterior virgin tooth to prevent it from getting decay. Maintenance recommendations would be 6 month intervals for professional care, and of course brushing twice a day, flossing once a day, they also can use a tongue scrapper and mouth wash. Another maintenance recommendation would be to maintain a well balanced healthy diet.
References:
Liljemark, W. F. (2000). Microbial Ecology of Marginal Gingivitis. Microbial Ecology In Health & Disease, 12(3), 149-159. doi:10.1080/089106000750051828
Nield-Gehrig, Jill, & Willmann, D.E. (2011). Foundation of Periodontics for The Dental Hygienist. Third Edition.
Liljemark, W. F. (2000). Microbial Ecology of Marginal Gingivitis. Microbial Ecology In Health & Disease, 12(3), 149-159. doi:10.1080/089106000750051828
Nield-Gehrig, Jill, & Willmann, D.E. (2011). Foundation of Periodontics for The Dental Hygienist. Third Edition.